HIV Prevention: Everything You Need to Know to Protect Yourself

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) remains a major global health concern. Although much progress has been made in treating and managing the virus, prevention remains key to avoiding new infections. In this article, we explain everything you need to know about how to prevent HIV and protect your health.

What is HIV?

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, weakening the body's defenses against disease and infection. If left untreated, HIV can progress to a more serious stage called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Although there is no cure, antiretroviral treatments can keep the virus under control and allow people to live long, healthy lives.

Main Forms of HIV Transmission

To understand how to prevent HIV, it is important to know the main modes of transmission:

1. Unprotected sex: Having sexual relations (vaginal, anal or oral) without the use of condoms with a person who has HIV.
2. Sharing needles or syringesPeople who inject drugs and share injection equipment are at high risk of contracting the virus.
3. Mother-to-child transmissionHIV can be transmitted from a mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, although with proper treatment the risk is very low.
4. Exposure to infected blood: This can occur in certain medical settings, although current safety standards make this risk minimal.

Effective Strategies for HIV Prevention

1. Use of condoms: The condoms Condoms are one of the most effective ways to prevent HIV during sexual intercourse. Using a condom correctly every time you have sex significantly reduces the risk of infection. Condoms should be made of latex or polyurethane to ensure greater protection.
2. PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): The PrEP It is a preventative medication that can be taken daily to reduce the risk of contracting HIV in people at high risk of exposure. When taken consistently, PrEP can reduce the risk of infection by more than 90%.
3. Avoid sharing needlesIf you inject drugs, it's crucial not to share needles, syringes, or other injection equipment. Many community programs offer needle exchanges to help reduce the risk of HIV transmission among people who use drugs.
4. Regular HIV testingGetting tested regularly for HIV is important, especially if you're sexually active or belong to a higher-risk group. Knowing your status allows you to make informed decisions to protect yourself and others. Additionally, starting treatment early is key to controlling the virus if you do contract it.
5. HIV treatment (ART)People already living with HIV can reduce their chance of transmitting it to others by consistently taking their antiretroviral therapy (ART). With proper treatment, HIV levels in the blood can become undetectable, meaning the risk of transmitting the virus to a partner is virtually nonexistent (known as “undetectable = untransmittable” or U=U).
6. Sex education: Appropriate and accessible sexuality education can help people understand how HIV is transmitted and how to prevent it. Openly discussing the topic reduces stigma and promotes the use of preventive measures.
7. Vaccines and future advancesCurrently, there is no vaccine for HIV, but researchers are working hard on one. In the meantime, it's essential to use the available preventive tools.

HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young People

Adolescents and young adults represent a key group for HIV prevention. Comprehensive sexuality education, which addresses the importance of condom use, regular HIV testing, and the availability of PrEP, is crucial for this age group. Openly discussing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) helps reduce misinformation and fear.

What to Do if You Think You May Have Been Exposed to HIV?

If you think you have been exposed to HIV, there is a treatment called PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis)It's a medication that should be taken within the first 72 hours after possible exposure to reduce the risk of infection. If you think you may be at risk, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

Conclusion

HIV prevention is a shared responsibility. With proper knowledge, the correct use of tools like condoms and PrEP, and regular testing, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting and transmitting the virus. Stay informed and be sure to discuss the importance of HIV prevention with your friends, partners, or loved ones. Education is the first step toward an HIV-free future.

Remember:

If you have questions or concerns about HIV or would like more information, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. In our Virtual Medical Guide, we're always here to provide guidance and support.